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Astable (schmitt trigger)

Astable using schmitt trigger inverter

 

There are many schmitt trigger inverter ICs in the market, some of which include: F40106B, SN7414, CD4010,...Frequency of this astable multivibrator depends not only on capacitor, C and resistor, R but also on the positive-going threshold voltage(VT+) and negative-going threshold voltage(VT-) of whichever ICs one uses. The capacitor, C charges and discharges in between VT+ and VT-.  Deriving a relation or formula for calculating the frequency is done in terms of R, C, Vcc and VT+ & VT- characteristics of the IC. The frequency can be worked out with the formula defining voltage across the capacitor at any given time in a series R-C circuit. Below is the formula.
Equation for voltage across capacitor at time, t in a series R-CWhere Vc(t) is the voltage of the capacitor at a given time, t and it is taken as VT+; Vi is the initial voltage of the capacitor before charging and it is taken as VT-; Vf is the voltage of the capacitor at infinite time which is always Vcc and 0 when charging and discharging respectively, here it taken as Vcc. t is the time taken for the capacitor to charge up to VT+ from VT- or discharge to VT- from VT+; R is the resistance in ohm and C is the capacitor in farad. Therefore above equation now becomes
expression to calculate frequency of oscillation in schmitt trigger astablePerforming arithmetic manipulation
expression to calculate frequency of oscillation in schmitt trigger astableRemember that the period of the oscillation, T is 2t and the frequency is the inverse of T. Therefore
expression to calculate frequency of oscillation in schmitt trigger astableClick here for astable (schmitt trgger) calculator

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